Endodontia guiada: tecnologia aplicada na resolução de tratamentos de canais calcificados / Guided endodontics: technology applied in the resolution of treatments of calcified canals / Endodoncia guiada: tecnología aplicada en la resolución de tratamientos de conductos calcificados

As calcificações pulpares provocam alterações morfológicas no interior dos canais radiculares que dificultam o tratamento endodôntico. Para solucionar essa dificuldade, a ferramenta Endoguide ou Endodontia Guiada foi desenvolvida para a resolução de casos complexos. Esta pesquisa objetivou descrever as aplicações da ferramenta Endoguide no tratamento de canais calcificados na endodontia. Todas as buscas foram realizadas por um único pesquisador na base de dados PubMed/MEDLINE e busca manual utilizando os descritores "Endodontics", "Digital", "Cone beam", "Guided". Foram considerados elegíveis os artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2022 e excluídos os estudos cuja publicação não foi obtida na íntegra e ainda aqueles em que os resultados não apresentaram embasamento teórico e prático suficientes para que pudessem ser incluídos no trabalho. Após as buscas, foram encontrados 47 artigos, selecionados inicialmente pelo título e resumos, excluindo as duplicatas. Ao final, a leitura completa e coleta de dados foi realizada em 6 artigos. As informações relevantes dos artigos selecionados foram transcritas em forma de quadro para sumarizar os achados. A endodontia guiada pode ser uma excelente alternativa para tratamentos de casos complexos, necessitando um investimento financeiro mínimo no consultório, pois os equipamentos de captura de imagem, planejamento virtual e de guias podem ser realizados em laboratórios capacitados. Assim, concluímos que o emprego da Endoguide como ferramenta no tratamento de canais calcificados se mostrou bem-sucedido e sua utilização não requer um conhecimento amplo, podendo ser usada por profissionais menos experientes.

Pulp calcifications cause morphological changes inside the root canals that make endodontic treatment difficult. To solve this difficulty, the tool Endoguide or Guided Endodontics was developed to solve complex cases. This research aimed to describe the applications of the Endoguide tool in the treatment of calcified root canals in endodontics. All searches were performed by a single researcher in the PubMed/MEDLINE database and manual search using the descriptors "Endodontics", "Digital", "Cone beam", "Guided". Articles published between 2010 and 2022 were considered eligible, and studies whose publication was not obtained in full text were excluded, as well as those in which the results did not have sufficient theoretical and practical basis for them to be included in the study. After the searches, 47 articles were found, initially selected by title and abstract, excluding duplicates. In the end, the complete reading and data collection was performed with 6 articles. Relevant information from the selected articles was transcribed for a table to summarize the findings. Guided endodontics can be an excellent alternative for treating complex cases, requiring minimal financial investment in the office, as image capture equipment, virtual planning and guides can be performed in trained laboratories. Thus, we conclude that the use of Endoguide as a tool in the treatment of calcified canals proved to be successful and its use does not require extensive knowledge and can be used by less experienced professionals.

Las calcificaciones pulpares provocan cambios morfológicos en el interior de los conductos radiculares que dificultan el tratamiento endodóntico. Para solventar esta dificultad se desarrolló la herramienta Endoguide o Endodoncia Guiada para resolver casos complejos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir las aplicaciones de la herramienta Endoguide en el tratamiento de conductos radiculares calcificados en endodoncia. Todas las búsquedas fueron realizadas por un único investigador en la base de datos PubMed/MEDLINE y búsqueda manual utilizando los descriptores "Endodontics", "Digital", "Cone beam", "Guided". Se consideraron elegibles los artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2022, y se excluyeron los estudios cuya publicación no se obtuvo a texto completo, así como aquellos en los que los resultados no tenían suficiente base teórica y práctica para ser incluidos en el estudio. Tras las búsquedas, se encontraron 47 artículos, seleccionados inicialmente por título y resumen, excluyendo los duplicados. Al final, se realizó la lectura completa y la recogida de datos con 6 artículos. La información relevante de los artículos seleccionados se transcribió para elaborar una tabla que resumiera los hallazgos. La endodoncia guiada puede ser una excelente alternativa para el tratamiento de casos complejos, requiriendo una mínima inversión financiera en el consultorio, ya que los equipos de captura de imágenes, la planificación virtual y las guías pueden realizarse en laboratorios capacitados. Así, concluimos que el uso de la Endoguía como herramienta en el tratamiento de conductos calcificados demostró ser exitoso y su uso no requiere de grandes conocimientos y puede ser utilizado por profesionales menos experimentados.

Previsões do número de cirurgias suspensas utilizando o software Power BI® em um hospital universitário / Predictions of the number of suspended surgeries using software Power BI® in a university hospital / Predicciones del número de cirugías suspendidas utilizando software Power BI® en un hospital universitario

Objetivo: analisar as cirurgias suspensas, realizando previsões futuras de três meses, a partir de outubro de 2022, através de um gráfico de linhas utilizando o software Power BI®. Método: se utilizou a técnica de médias moveis ponderada, alisamento exponencial simples, utilizando a ferramenta gráfico de linhas do Power BI®, com intervalo de confiança de 95% e previsões de três meses. Resultados: os resultados demostraram que existem diferentes etapas para construir previsões e alguns pré-requisitos devem ser preenchidos, foram encontradas as seguintes previsões com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança novembro 134(97,172), dezembro 141(102,180), janeiro 147(106.188). Conclusão: a utilização de previsões pode ser uma ferramenta útil para a tomada de decisão, prever problemas e sempre necessário na gestão de um hospital, podendo até suprimir gastos se antecipando a uma variedade de problemas.

Objective: to analyze the suspended surgeries, making future predictions of three months, starting in October 2022, through a line graph using the Power BI software. Method: we used the technique of weighted moving averages, simple exponential smoothing, using the Power BI® line graph tool, with a confidence interval of 95% and predictions of three months. Results: the results showed that there are different steps to construct predictions and some prerequisites must be fulfilled, the following predictions were found with their respective confidence intervals: November 134 (97,172), December 141 (102,180), January 147 (106,188). Conclusion: the use of forecasts can be a useful tool for decision making, predicting problems and always necessary in the management of a hospital, and can even suppress expenses in anticipation of a variety of problems.

Objetivos:analizar las cirugías suspendidas, haciendo predicciones futuras de tres meses, a partir de octubre de 2022, a través de un gráfico lineal utilizando el software Power BI®. Método: se utilizó la técnica de medias móviles ponderadas, suavizado exponencial simple, utilizando la herramienta de gráfico de líneas de Power BI®, con un intervalo de confianza del 95% y predicciones de tres meses. Resultados: los resultados mostraron que existen diferentes pasos para construir predicciones y se deben cumplir algunos requisitos previos, se encontraron las siguientes predicciones con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza: noviembre 134 (97,172), diciembre 141 (102,180), enero 147 (106,188). Conclusión: el uso de pronósticos puede ser una herramienta útil para la toma de decisiones, predicción de problemas y siempre necesaria en la gestión de un hospital, e incluso puede suprimir gastos en previsión de una variedad de problemas.

Análise de aplicativos móveis voltados para controle parental: revisão narrativa / Analysis of mobile applications aimed at parental control: narrative review / Análisis de aplicaciones móviles orientadas al control parental: revisión narrativa

Crianças e adolescentes usam a tecnologia móvel para diversas finalidades, como lazer, entretenimento, estudos e comunicação. No entanto, faz-se necessário o controle e mediação parental pois o uso inadequado pode gerar danos à saúde. Existem aplicativos voltados para esta tarefa e com funcionalidades e características variadas. Diante disso, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as aplicações móveis disponíveis para download na plataforma Google Play Store por meio de uma revisão narrativa e com auxílio do software IRAMUTEQ para revisão dos dados, analisar os comentários deixados pelos usuários. Foram investigadas as informações de 138 aplicativos, boa parte deles realizam funções essenciais, como controlar o tempo de acesso, bloquear sites e apps indesejados, porém, há muitas críticas relacionadas a problemas técnicos, aplicabilidade e prejuízos gerados pelo excessivo controle dos pais. A investigação mostrou que cinco softwares para o controle parental apresentavam as principais funções de acordo com a aplicabilidade (limite de tempo, filtros, localizador GPS, monitoramento de chamadas e mensagens), nota acima de 3,0 e ano de atualização em 2021. A análise dos comentários feita pelo software IRAMUTEQ, destacou as palavras "App" (referente à aplicativo), "filho", "celular", "bloquear", "funcionar", "criança", "instalar" e "desinstalar" como as mais importantes pelos usuários.

Children and teenagers use mobile technology for different purposes, such as leisure, entertainment, studies and communication. However, parental control and mediation is necessary, as inappropriate use can cause health damage. There are applications aimed at this task and with varied functionalities and characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the mobile applications available for download on the Google Play Store platform through a narrative review and with the help of the IRAMUTEQ software to review the data, analyze the comments left by users. Information from 138 applications was investigated, most of which perform essential functions, such as controlling access time, blocking unwanted websites and apps, however, there are many criticisms related to technical problems, applicability and damage caused by excessive parental control. The investigation showed that five parental control software had the main functions according to applicability (time limit, filters, GPS locator, call and message monitoring), grade above 3.0 and year of update in 2021. The analysis of the comments made by the IRAMUTEQ software, highlighted the words "App" (referring to the application), "son", "cell phone", "block", "work", "child", "install" and "uninstall" as the most important for users.

Los niños y adolescentes utilizan la tecnología móvil para diferentes fines, como el ocio, el entretenimiento, los estudios y la comunicación. Sin embargo, es necesario el control y la mediación parental, ya que un uso inadecuado puede causar daños a la salud. Existen aplicaciones destinadas a esta tarea y con funcionalidades y características variadas. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las aplicaciones móviles disponibles para su descarga en la plataforma Google Play Store a través de una revisión narrativa y con la ayuda del software IRAMUTEQ para revisar los datos, analizar los comentarios dejados por los usuarios. Se investigó la información de 138 aplicaciones, la mayoría de las cuales cumplen funciones esenciales, como controlar el tiempo de acceso, bloquear sitios web y apps no deseadas, sin embargo, existen muchas críticas relacionadas con problemas técnicos, de aplicabilidad y daños causados por el excesivo control parental. La investigación mostró que cinco programas de control parental tenían las funciones principales según aplicabilidad (límite de tiempo, filtros, localizador GPS, monitorización de llamadas y mensajes), grado superior a 3.0 y año de actualización en 2021. El análisis de los comentarios realizados por el software IRAMUTEQ, destacó las palabras "App" (refiriéndose a la aplicación), "hijo", "móvil", "bloquear", "trabajar", "niño", "instalar" y "desinstalar" como las más importantes para los usuarios.

[How to: Basics of programming cardiac pacemakers]. / How to: Basics der Schrittmacherprogrammierung.

Programming of implantable cardiac devices, especially dual-chamber pacemakers, can be challenging in daily clinical practice. Precise knowledge of programmable parameters is important; furthermore, one should also be familiar with the specific algorithms of each manufacturer. During programming, the patient's individual requirements should be taken into account, but out-of-the-box programming should be avoided. Another important goal of programming should be to stimulate as much as needed but as little as possible to provide the patient good exercise capacity while not being aware of the pacing. Manufacturers' algorithms can help reach these aims but need to be understood and-in case of inappropriate behavior-to be deactivated.

La comunicación del conocimiento sobre el desarrollo local mediante las plataformas digitales de las universidades / Knowledge communication about local development via university digital platforms

El artículo tuvo como objetivo conocer cómo se comunica el conocimiento que se genera sobre proyectos y acciones de desarrollo local en las universidades, por medio de sus plataformas digitales. Se abordan aspectos teóricos sobre la comunicación, la gestión del conocimiento, la universidad, la responsabilidad social y el desarrollo local. Los métodos y técnicas empleados fueron el estudio de caso, el análisis de contenido y la revisión teórica y documental. La muestra estuvo basada en las plataformas de la Universidad de Málaga, España, y la Universidad de La Habana, Cuba. Se realizó un diagnóstico, derivado de un análisis comparativo, donde se presentaron las convergencias y divergencias entre ambas entidades. El estudio demostró, por un lado, el interés de ambas instituciones por formar parte de los proyectos y acciones sobre el desarrollo local y divulgar la información al respecto; y por otro, las diferencias en cuanto a la dinámica, la cantidad de contenidos divulgados y las formas de difusión e interacción con los usuarios. Como conclusión, se evidencia la conexión existente entre el proceso de comunicación y la gestión del conocimiento en las universidades, principalmente durante las acciones de compartición/distribución. Se aprecia la importancia del uso de las plataformas digitales para la comunicación del conocimiento asociado al desarrollo local(AU)

The purpose of the study was to become acquainted with the ways in which knowledge about local development projects and actions generated at universities is communicated on their digital platforms. The theoretical aspects addressed include communication, knowledge management, university, social responsibility and local development. The methods and techniques used were case study, content analysis, and theoretical and document review. The study sample was based on platforms from the University of Málaga, Spain, and the University of Havana, Cuba. The diagnosis conducted was derived from a comparative analysis of similarities and differences between the two universities. The study showed, on the one hand, the interest of both institutions in taking part in local development projects and actions, and disseminate information in that respect, and on the other hand, their differences concerning dynamics, amount of content disseminated, forms of diffusion and interaction with users. Conclusions point to an evident connection between the communication process and knowledge management at the universities, particularly during sharing / distribution actions. Confirmation was made of the importance of digital platforms for knowledge communication about local development(AU)

Over 1000 tools reveal trends in the single-cell RNA-seq analysis landscape.

Recent years have seen a revolution in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies, datasets, and analysis methods. Since 2016, the scRNA-tools database has cataloged software tools for analyzing scRNA-seq data. With the number of tools in the database passing 1000, we provide an update on the state of the project and the field. This data shows the evolution of the field and a change of focus from ordering cells on continuous trajectories to integrating multiple samples and making use of reference datasets. We also find that open science practices reward developers with increased recognition and help accelerate the field.

VANESA: An open-source hybrid functional Petri net modeling and simulation environment in systems biology.

Petri nets are a common method for modeling and simulation of systems biology application cases. Usually different Petri net concepts (e.g. discrete, hybrid, functional) are demanded depending on the purpose of the application cases. Modeling complex application cases requires a unification of those concepts, e.g. hybrid functional Petri nets (HFPN) and extended hybrid Petri nets (xHPN). Existing tools have certain limitations which motivated the extension of VANESA, an existing open-source editor for biological networks. The extension can be used to model, simulate, and visualize Petri nets based on the xHPN formalism. Moreover, it comprises additional functionality to support and help the user. Complex (kinetic) functions are syntactically analyzed and mathematically rendered. Based on syntax and given physical unit information, modeling errors are revealed. The numerical simulation is seamlessly integrated and executed in the background by the open-source simulation environment OpenModelica utilizing the Modelica library PNlib. Visualization of simulation results for places, transitions, and arcs are useful to investigate and understand the model and its dynamic behavior. The impact of single parameters can be revealed by comparing multiple simulation results. Simulation results, charts, and entire specification of the Petri net model as Latex file can be exported. All these features are shown in the demonstration case. The utilized Petri net formalism xHPN is fully specified and implemented in PNlib. This assures transparency, reliability, and comprehensible simulation results. Thus, the combination of VANESA and OpenModelica shape a unique open-source Petri net environment focusing on systems biology application cases. VANESA is available at: http://agbi.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/vanesa.

Countering reproducibility issues in mathematical models with software engineering techniques: A case study using a one-dimensional mathematical model of the atrioventricular node.

One should assume that in silico experiments in systems biology are less susceptible to reproducibility issues than their wet-lab counterparts, because they are free from natural biological variations and their environment can be fully controlled. However, recent studies show that only half of the published mathematical models of biological systems can be reproduced without substantial effort. In this article we examine the potential causes for failed or cumbersome reproductions in a case study of a one-dimensional mathematical model of the atrioventricular node, which took us four months to reproduce. The model demonstrates that even otherwise rigorous studies can be hard to reproduce due to missing information, errors in equations and parameters, a lack in available data files, non-executable code, missing or incomplete experiment protocols, and missing rationales behind equations. Many of these issues seem similar to problems that have been solved in software engineering using techniques such as unit testing, regression tests, continuous integration, version control, archival services, and a thorough modular design with extensive documentation. Applying these techniques, we reimplement the examined model using the modeling language Modelica. The resulting workflow is independent of the model and can be translated to SBML, CellML, and other languages. It guarantees methods reproducibility by executing automated tests in a virtual machine on a server that is physically separated from the development environment. Additionally, it facilitates results reproducibility, because the model is more understandable and because the complete model code, experiment protocols, and simulation data are published and can be accessed in the exact version that was used in this article. We found the additional design and documentation effort well justified, even just considering the immediate benefits during development such as easier and faster debugging, increased understandability of equations, and a reduced requirement for looking up details from the literature.

Aplicación móvil para diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento estético del acné II / A Mobile Application for Diagnosis, Prevention and Cosmetic Treatments of Grade II Acne

Introducción: Algunos profesionales tienen dificultades para hacer la detección correcta de los signos y síntomas y para prescribir el tratamiento adecuado del acné II, que puede conducir a un tratamiento estético insatisfactorio. Por lo tanto, es necesario desarrollar tecnología educativa, por ejemplo, una aplicación. Objetivo: Desarrollar una aplicación multimedia en una plataforma móvil para el diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento estético del acné grado II. Métodos: Las fases de desarrollo de la estructura de la aplicación fueron: Fase 1 - "Concepción: identificación de las necesidades del desarrollo de la aplicación". Fase 2 - "Elaboración del prototipo de aplicación": esta fase incluyó la revisión integradora de la literatura en las principales bases de datos. Fase 3- "Creación de la aplicación": esta fase consistió en desarrollar el algoritmo, estructurar la base de datos y desarrollar el software; Fase 4- "Transición": se realizaron las pruebas de funcionalidad de la aplicación. Resultados: La aplicación móvil consta de 10 pantallas descriptivas y 4 pantallas con videos explicativos, el cual se registró en el Instituto Nacional de Propiedad Industrial (Ministerio de Desarrollo, Industria y Comercio Exterior) con el número de protocolo: BR: 51 2018 0001475 y está disponible de forma gratuita en línea en Google Play Store con el nombre de Face Care. Conclusión: El estudio permitió describir las etapas de planificación y desarrollo de una aplicación multimedia en una plataforma móvil para el diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento estético del acné grado II(AU)

Introduction: Some professionals have difficulties in correctly detecting signs and symptoms of acne II, as well as in prescribing the appropriate treatment for the condition, a fact that can lead to unsatisfactory cosmetic treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop educational technology; for example, an application. Objective: To develop a multimedia application on a mobile platform for diagnosis, prevention and cosmetic treatment of grade II acne. Methods: The application structure was developed in four phases: conception (identification of the application development needs), development of the application prototype (which included the integrative review of the literature from the main databases), creation of the application (which consisted in developing the algorithm, structuring the database and developing the software), and transition (during which the application's functionality tests were carried out). Results: The mobile application consists of ten descriptive screens and four screens with explanatory videos. It was registered within the National Institute of Industrial Property (Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade), with the protocol number BR: 51 2018 0001475. It is available online, for free, on the Google Play Store, under the name Face Care. Conclusion: This study allowed to describe the planning and development stages of a multimedia application on a mobile platform for the diagnosis, prevention and cosmetic treatment of grade II acne(AU)

Changing the face of neuroimaging research: Comparing a new MRI de-facing technique with popular alternatives.

Recent advances in automated face recognition algorithms have increased the risk that de-identified research MRI scans may be re-identifiable by matching them to identified photographs using face recognition. A variety of software exist to de-face (remove faces from) MRI, but their ability to prevent face recognition has never been measured and their image modifications can alter automated brain measurements. In this study, we compared three popular de-facing techniques and introduce our mri_reface technique designed to minimize effects on brain measurements by replacing the face with a population average, rather than removing it. For each technique, we measured 1) how well it prevented automated face recognition (i.e. effects on exceptionally-motivated individuals) and 2) how it altered brain measurements from SPM12, FreeSurfer, and FSL (i.e. effects on the average user of de-identified data). Before de-facing, 97% of scans from a sample of 157 volunteers were correctly matched to photographs using automated face recognition. After de-facing with popular software, 28-38% of scans still retained enough data for successful automated face matching. Our proposed mri_reface had similar performance with the best existing method (fsl_deface) at preventing face recognition (28-30%) and it had the smallest effects on brain measurements in more pipelines than any other, but these differences were modest.

Spinal cord stimulation programming: a crash course.

The aim of this comprehensive review is to provide an instructional guide for providers regarding the parameters and programming of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) devices. Knowing these fundamentals will aid in providing superior pain relief to patients. SCS has four programmable parameters: contact (electrode) selection, amplitude, pulse width, and frequency. Each parameter needs to be accounted for when assessing which program works for which patient. Traditional open-loop systems allow for different "programs," or combinations of these four parameters, to be pre-set by the provider and medical device representative. These allow for flexibility in the type of stimulation delivered to the patient depending on activity. Patients are also given control over programs and changing the amplitudes of these programs. However, some open-loop systems place the burden of toggling between programs to manage pain control on patients, though this tends to be less in subparesthesia programs. Newer closed-loop systems make it possible for stimulation settings to automatically adjust in response to accelerometry and evoked compound action potential feedback, and therefore have the potential to streamline the patient experience. This article provides practitioners with the basic knowledge of SCS parameters and programming systems. Understanding their use is essential to providing optimal pain relief to patients.

Multimedia educativa sobre Metodología de la Investigación y Estadísticas para residentes de las especialidades médicas y estomatológicas / Educational multimedia on Research Methodology and Statistics for residents of medical and stomatological specialties

Introducción: el educando de posgrado en las especialidades de ciencias médicas, debe profundizar en los métodos de investigación, elevar la efectividad de su labor y garantizar nuevos conocimientos. Objetivo: elaborar una multimedia educativa que permita fortalecer los conocimientos de metodología de la investigación y estadística en residentes de las especialidades médicas y estomatológicas del municipio Baracoa. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas de Baracoa desde el año 2016 hasta el año 2018. La multimedia educativa fue creada con la herramienta Crheasoft v3.02, la utilización del Adobe Photoshop v6.0 y el CyberLink Power Director v6.0. Para la evaluación de los indicadores de diseño informático se conformó un comité de especialistas a los cuales se les aplicó una escala Likert. Resultados: la multimedia educativa aborda el contenido sobre metodología de la investigación y estadística. En este se combinan textos, imágenes, sonidos, animaciones y videos en un mismo entorno. Los indicadores de diseño informático obtuvieron elevadas calificaciones lo que evidencia la concordancia de criterios entre los expertos. Conclusiones: el producto informático obtenido es útil para generar aprendizajes con respecto al tema que aborda, propicia la explotación de la computadora de manera eficiente y se potencia el uso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones en la enseñanza del posgrado(AU)

Introduction: postgraduate students in medical science specialties must delve into research methods, increase the effectiveness of their work and guarantee new knowledge. Objective: to develop an educational multimedia that allows strengthening the knowledge of research methodology and statistics in residents of the medical and stomatological specialties of the Baracoa municipality. Methods: a technological development investigation was carried out at the Baracoa Medical Sciences Branch from 2016 to 2018. The educational multimedia was created with the Crheasoft v3.02 tool, using Adobe Photoshop v6.0 and CyberLink Power Director v6.0. For the evaluation of the computer design indicators, a committee of specialists was formed to which a Likert scale was applied. Results: the educational multimedia addresses the content on research methodology and statistics. In this, texts, images, sounds, animations and videos are combined in the same environment. The computer design indicators obtained high scores, which shows the agreement of criteria among the experts. Conclusions: the obtained computer product is useful to generate learning regarding the subject it addresses, it promotes the exploitation of the computer in an efficient way and the use of information and communication technologies is promoted in postgraduate teaching(EU)

[A brief history of artificial intelligence]. / Une brève introduction à l'intelligence artificielle.

For more than a decade, we have witnessed an acceleration in the development and the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. In medicine, it impacts clinical and fundamental research, hospital practices, medical examinations, hospital care or logistics. These in turn contribute to improvements in diagnostics and prognostics, and to improvements in personalised and targeted medicine, advanced observation and analysis technologies, or surgery and other assistance robots. Many challenges in AI and medicine, such as data digitalisation, medical data privacy, algorithm explicability, inclusive AI system development or their reproducibility, have to be tackled in order to build the confidence of medical practitioners in these technologies. This will be possible by mastering the key concepts via a brief history of artificial intelligence.

TITLE: Une brève introduction à l'intelligence artificielle. ABSTRACT: Depuis plus d'une décennie, l'intelligence artificielle (IA) vit une accélération dans son développement et son adoption. En médecine, elle intervient dans la recherche fondamentale et clinique, la pratique hospitalière, les examens médicaux, les soins ou encore la logistique. Ce qui contribue à l'affinement des diagnostics et des pronostics, à une médecine encore plus personnalisée et ciblée, à des avancées dans les technologies d'observations et d'analyses ou encore dans les outils d'interventions chirurgicales et autres robots d'assistance. De nombreux enjeux propres à l'IA et à la médecine, tels que la dématérialisation des données, le respect de la vie privée, l'explicabilité1 des algorithmes, la conception de systèmes d'IA inclusifs ou leur reproductibilité, sont à surmonter pour construire une confiance du corps hospitalier dans ces outils. Cela passe par une maîtrise des concepts fondamentaux que nous présentons ici.

Capitalizing on the promise of item-level analyses to inform new understandings of word reading development.

This special issue was expressly designed to illustrate how item-level analytic models can be employed to answer new questions in the field of reading. To accomplish this, we present a compilation of six empirical studies that explore how item-level analyses can be used to advance the field's understanding of word reading development. In this introduction to the special issue, I summarize the unique advantages of item-level analyses and discuss how the papers in this special issue are valuable examples of how item-focused analyses can be used in a variety of ways to address important questions across orthographies, word characteristics, and tasks.

Development of a Deep Learning Model to Identify Lymph Node Metastasis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Cervical Cancer.

Importance: Accurate identification of lymph node metastasis preoperatively and noninvasively in patients with cervical cancer can avoid unnecessary surgical intervention and benefit treatment planning. Objective: To develop a deep learning model using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging for prediction of lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants: This diagnostic study developed an end-to-end deep learning model to identify lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 894 patients with stage IB to IIB cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were reviewed. All patients underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, received pelvic MRI within 2 weeks before the operations, had no concurrent cancers, and received no preoperative treatment. To achieve the optimal model, the diagnostic value of 3 MRI sequences was compared, and the outcomes in the intratumoral and peritumoral regions were explored. To mine tumor information from both image and clinicopathologic levels, a hybrid model was built and its prognostic value was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The deep learning model and hybrid model were developed on a primary cohort consisting of 338 patients (218 patients from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China, between January 2011 and December 2017 and 120 patients from Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China, between December 2016 and June 2018). The models then were evaluated on an independent validation cohort consisting of 141 patients from Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China, between January 2011 and December 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary diagnostic outcome was lymph node metastasis status, with the pathologic characteristics diagnosed by lymphadenectomy. The secondary primary clinical outcome was survival. The primary diagnostic outcome was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (area under the curve [AUC]) analysis; the primary clinical outcome was assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: A total of 479 patients (mean [SD] age, 49.1 [9.7] years) fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were enrolled in the primary (n = 338) and validation (n = 141) cohorts. A total of 71 patients (21.0%) in the primary cohort and 32 patients (22.7%) in the validation cohort had lymph node metastais confirmed by lymphadenectomy. Among the 3 image sequences, the deep learning model that used both intratumoral and peritumoral regions on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging showed the best performance (AUC, 0.844; 95% CI, 0.780-0.907). These results were further improved in a hybrid model that combined tumor image information mined by deep learning model and MRI-reported lymph node status (AUC, 0.933; 95% CI, 0.887-0.979). Moreover, the hybrid model was significantly associated with disease-free survival from cervical cancer (hazard ratio, 4.59; 95% CI, 2.04-10.31; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this study suggest that deep learning can be used as a preoperative noninvasive tool to diagnose lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer.

Generating meaningful conversation: World Café in strategic interprofessional planning in Continuing Education.

OBJECTIVES: to present the particularities of the World Café, identifying the main aspects that characterize a planning strategy for a constructive, interactive, and participative dialogue of the individuals, aiming at collaborative and innovative learning. METHODS: a World Café method workshop with 24 professionals from the teams that work in basic health units. RESULTS: we obtained three analysis categories: Individual Needs, Group Needs, and Institutional Needs, which resulted in the Municipal Plan of Actions on Continuing Health Education. CONCLUSIONS: we found that the World Café was adequate and relevant for the discussion of key themes, for the practices of teams in Primary Care and the production and organization of data in a collective space. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the method can contribute to the construction of knowledge and proximity to the daily reality of interdisciplinary teams, as well as serving as a tool in the preparation of planning in Permanent Education.

Better together: Elements of successful scientific software development in a distributed collaborative community.

Many scientific disciplines rely on computational methods for data analysis, model generation, and prediction. Implementing these methods is often accomplished by researchers with domain expertise but without formal training in software engineering or computer science. This arrangement has led to underappreciation of sustainability and maintainability of scientific software tools developed in academic environments. Some software tools have avoided this fate, including the scientific library Rosetta. We use this software and its community as a case study to show how modern software development can be accomplished successfully, irrespective of subject area. Rosetta is one of the largest software suites for macromolecular modeling, with 3.1 million lines of code and many state-of-the-art applications. Since the mid 1990s, the software has been developed collaboratively by the RosettaCommons, a community of academics from over 60 institutions worldwide with diverse backgrounds including chemistry, biology, physiology, physics, engineering, mathematics, and computer science. Developing this software suite has provided us with more than two decades of experience in how to effectively develop advanced scientific software in a global community with hundreds of contributors. Here we illustrate the functioning of this development community by addressing technical aspects (like version control, testing, and maintenance), community-building strategies, diversity efforts, software dissemination, and user support. We demonstrate how modern computational research can thrive in a distributed collaborative community. The practices described here are independent of subject area and can be readily adopted by other software development communities.